“
"In order to feel ourselves confident and defend ourselves from misfortunes that this world may throw us to, we should no longer rely on the forms of thinking, conclusions, discourses that have their own niche, in one particular context or another. A group of fans, a religious community, a party cell, a place of work — all these places, of course, continue to exist, but none of them is sufficiently characteristic and characterizing to provide us with a "wind rose" or a lighthouse to orient at, a reliable compass, a set of certain habits, certain ways of creative thinking. Ethical and rhetorical typography is disappearing. Commonly attended places, meager foundations for the life of the mind, come to the fore. Only these places provide a criterion for orientation, and thus, for some common course of things.
Sometimes we hear about the infantilism of modern urban population. It would make sense to ask if there are any grounds for comparing urban life and childhood.
A child uses repetition as a protection mechanism (fairy tales, games, and gestures are repeated over and over again). And repetition should be understood as a defensive strategy in relation to shocks caused by the new and the unexpected.
In traditional societies or in people's experience, the repetition so loved by children has given way to more articulated and complex forms of protection, namely, to the ethos: morals, customs and habits that form the basis of sustainable communities. Now this replacement is no longer possible. Repetition prevails, and there is nothing left to substitute it with.
Walter Benjamin caught this moment and paid great attention to childhood, children's play, and love for repetitions. At the same time he traced the technical reproducibility of a work of art as a point at which new forms of perception are nurtured. The desire for repetition is revived in technical reproducibility even more intensely. More precisely, we see the need for a repeated action as a protection mechanism, again. Indeed, there is something infantile in modern society, but this "something" is incredibly serious."
Paolo Virno (b. 1952), an Italian Marxist philosopher, a semiologist, and a political theorist